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Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis

J F Pitts1, N H Barker, D C Gibbons

  • 1Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Glasgow, Scotland.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Manchineel tree sap causes severe eye inflammation, including corneal damage. However, most patients achieve excellent long-term vision with prompt treatment for this toxic plant exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella) is a toxic plant found in tropical regions.
  • Its milky sap (latex) is known to cause severe skin and eye irritation since the 16th century.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ocular injuries caused by Manchineel tree exposure.
  • To assess the long-term visual prognosis following Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 12 patients with ocular injuries from Manchineel exposure (1985-1990).
  • Analysis of treatment methods including lavage, cycloplegia, and topical antibiotics.
  • Evaluation of corneal damage, healing time, and final visual acuity.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • 16 out of 20 Manchineel exposure episodes affected the cornea, ranging from epithelial defects to stromal infiltration.
  • Epithelial healing occurred within a mean of 3.75 days.
  • Despite acute severity, final visual acuity was excellent (6/9 or better) in most cases, with one exception due to glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis can cause significant acute corneal damage.
  • Prompt treatment leads to excellent long-term visual outcomes in most cases.
  • The study highlights the importance of recognizing and managing Manchineel-induced ocular toxicity.