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PSK as a chemopreventive agent

H Kobayashi1, K Matsunaga, M Fujii

  • 1Higashi-Nihon Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide, demonstrates chemopreventive effects against various cancers by acting at multiple stages of carcinogenesis. This biological response modifier enhances immune function and protects against DNA damage, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • PSK is a protein-bound polysaccharide from Coriolus versicolor.
  • It is used clinically in Japan for postoperative cancer patients.
  • PSK is a biological response modifier with diverse activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemopreventive aspects of PSK.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying PSK's anticancer effects.

Main Methods:

  • Oral administration of PSK in various animal cancer models (chemical carcinogen-induced, radiation-induced, spontaneous).
  • Assessment of PSK's interaction with drug-metabolizing enzymes and its effect on the Ames test.
  • Evaluation of PSK's effects on active oxygen scavenging, sister chromatid exchange, fetal deformation, cytokine production, and effector cell activity.

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Main Results:

  • PSK reduced tumor incidence and prolonged survival in multiple animal cancer models.
  • PSK did not inhibit drug-metabolizing enzymes or affect the Ames test.
  • PSK scavenged active oxygen, prevented sister chromatid exchange, suppressed fetal deformation, regulated cytokines, and enhanced antitumor effector cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • PSK acts at multiple stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation, promotion, and growth.
  • Key mechanisms include radical trapping, chromosome injury prevention, and immunomodulation.
  • PSK shows potential as a chemopreventive agent with broad-spectrum anticancer activity.