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Financial implications of malnutrition

L H Bernstein1, T A Shaw-Stiffel, M Schorow

  • 1Department of Pathology, Bridgeport Hospital, Connecticut.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects 30-50% of hospitalized patients, increasing costs and mortality. Early nutrition support is crucial for managing this condition and its complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Hospital Medicine
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects 30-50% of hospitalized patients, independent of other conditions.
  • PEM results from inadequate nutrient intake, leading to weight loss, functional decline, and impaired immunity.
  • It exacerbates existing chronic conditions and increases vulnerability to acute metabolic stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the financial implications of malnutrition and nutritional therapy in hospitalized patients.
  • To present a model for evaluating the economic impact of PEM and its management.
  • To highlight the cost-effectiveness of early nutrition support versus treating complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PEM prevalence, consequences, and costs.
  • Analysis of financial data related to hospital length of stay (LOS), complications, and nutrition interventions.
  • Development of a financial model to compare costs of untreated PEM versus nutrition support.

Main Results:

  • PEM significantly increases hospital morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LOS).
  • Complications associated with PEM include pneumonia, sepsis, surgical site infections, and delayed wound healing.
  • The costs of PEM extend beyond direct medical expenses to include nutrition support and complication management.

Conclusions:

  • PEM represents a significant financial burden and a controllable liability for hospitals.
  • Early identification and intervention with nutrition support can mitigate costs associated with PEM.
  • A comprehensive financial analysis must consider both the costs of intervention and the avoided costs of complications and extended LOS.

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