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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

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The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Functions of the Nervous System01:18

Functions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's functions. It functions through three main processes: sensory, integrative, and motor processes. Sensory function involves the detection and transmission of information about internal and external stimuli from sensory receptors to the CNS. The CNS processes this information through an integrative function, where it interprets and makes decisions based on the incoming sensory information. Finally, the motor function...
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Abstract Context Representations in Primate Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex.

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On neural codes and perception.

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Target selection for saccadic eye movements: direction-selective visual responses in the superior colliculus.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

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The neuronal basis of motion perception

W T Newsome1, C D Salzman

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5401.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored neural mechanisms of visual perception in rhesus monkeys. New experiments causally link neural activity in primate visual pathways to specific perceptual performance, offering a method for cognitive function analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Primate Vision Research

Background:

  • The human central nervous system enables cognitive functions crucial for consciousness.
  • Neural systems for perception, memory, and action are increasingly studied in non-human primates.
  • Rhesus monkeys are valuable models for understanding visual perception mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural substrates of visual perception in primates.
  • To demonstrate a causal relationship between neural activity and perceptual performance.
  • To present a novel experimental method for linking cognitive abilities to neural systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of primate visual pathway organization.
  • Experimental manipulation of neural activity within specific visual pathways.

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MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
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MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
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MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
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MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

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  • Assessment of perceptual performance changes correlated with neural activity.

    • Main Results:

    • New insights into the neural mechanisms mediating primate visual perception.
    • Demonstration of a causal link between neural activity in a visual pathway and a specific perceptual aspect.
    • Validation of an experimental approach for analyzing neural-cognitive function relationships.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides an effective method for connecting perceptual abilities to their neural underpinnings.
    • This approach holds potential for analyzing other cognitive functions.
    • Primate models offer significant insights into the neural basis of cognition.