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Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila
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Assessing Differences in Sperm Competitive Ability in Drosophila

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Effect of sperm genotype on chromatid segregation in female mice heterozygous for aberrant chromosome 1

S I Agulnik1, I D Sabantsev, A O Ruvinsky

  • 1Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Department of Academy of Sciences of Russia, Novosibirsk.

Genetical Research
|April 1, 1993
PubMed

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Nondisjunction

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X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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