Acute renal failure in blacks and Indians in South Africa--comparison after 10 years

Acute renal failure (ARF) has changed in its aetiology in developed Western countries. This study compares our experiences of the aetiology and incidence of ARF a decade after a previously recorded paper in the literature. The data of 226 patients with a diagnosis of ARF during a 3-year period from 1986 to 1988 was analysed. ARF in our study occurred at a younger age. Medical causes of ARF remain the dominant subgroup. There were female patients presenting with ARF associated with self-induced abortions. Toxins of a herbal variety and infections remain the commonest aetiological factors in the medical subgroup. Infections have replaced nephrotoxins as being the principal medical cause. There has been no major change in the incidence or aetiology of ARF over a decade. The prevention of ARF in blacks in sub-Saharan Africa is primarily concerned with the eradication of nephrotoxins and infections and a laxity in the abortion laws of the country. Only by an improvement in education, nutrition, socio-economic status and sanitation can one eradicate or diminish ARF in developing countries.