Risk factors for failed healing in amputation for vascular disease. A prospective, consecutive study of 177 cases

We examined factors which may lower the mean amputation age and factors which may serve as predictors of success or failure of amputations in the lower extremities for vascular disease in 177 consecutive amputees. Smoking lowered the mean amputation age by 9 years and diabetes by 3 years. Preoperative absence of gangrene in the ischemic limb predicted a higher risk of failure compared to patients with gangrene. Also preoperative hemoglobin > 120 g/L gave a higher risk of failure. Failure to heal was not correlated with age, sex, diabetes, level of amputation, previous vascular surgery, smoking, preoperative blood pressure, serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood glucose or temperature.