Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.9K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.9K
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.6K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.6K
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

1.7K
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
1.7K
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

1.5K
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
1.5K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

615
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
615
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

1.4K
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glial reactions and degeneration of myelinated processes in spinal cord gray matter in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Neuroscience·2008
Same author

Involvement of thyrotroph embryonic factor in calcium-mediated regulation of gene expression.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2000
Same author

Functional analysis of the mouse ICER (Inducible cAMP Early Repressor) promoter: evidence for a protein that blocks calcium responsiveness of the CAREs (cAMP autoregulatory elements).

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)·1999
Same author

Diabetic ketoacidosis associated with cocaine use.

Archives of internal medicine·1998
Same author

Differential regulation and transcriptional control of immediate early gene expression in forskolin-treated WEHI7.2 thymoma cells.

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)·1998
Same author

Pharmacotherapy for opioid and cocaine abuse.

The Medical clinics of North America·1997

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement

Published on: August 21, 2010

21.5K

Cocaine abuse

E A Warner1

  • 1University of South Florida, Tampa.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cocaine abuse leads to numerous medical complications affecting nearly all organ systems, with new issues arising from crack cocaine. These adverse reactions, including indirect consequences, warrant consideration in medical diagnoses.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
10:28

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Published on: February 18, 2016

16.9K
A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement

Published on: August 21, 2010

21.5K
Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
10:28

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Published on: February 18, 2016

16.9K
A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cocaine is a potent stimulant with various forms like freebase and crack.
  • Administration methods influence the type and severity of medical complications.
  • Cocaine abuse presents significant public health challenges due to its widespread effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available forms and administration methods of cocaine.
  • To comprehensively discuss the medical complications associated with cocaine abuse.
  • To highlight emerging complications linked to newer forms of cocaine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of English-language articles from 1986-1992 via MEDLINE.
  • Manual review of bibliographies from identified articles.
  • Inclusion of case reports, review articles, and small series; no controlled studies were available.

Main Results:

  • Multiple cocaine-related complications have been documented, often linked to administration routes.
  • New complications have emerged with freebase and crack cocaine, impacting nearly all organ systems.
  • Indirect complications, such as infectious diseases and violent behavior, are significant consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse reactions to cocaine abuse should be considered in differential diagnoses, especially for ischemic events in young adults.
  • The precise frequency of specific cocaine-induced complications remains undetermined.
  • Understanding these complications is crucial for effective clinical management and public health strategies.