Structure and composition of type IV collagen of bovine aorta

To determine the chain composition of type IV collagen of bovine thoracic aorta, we analyzed collagenase-solubilized carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous (NC1)-domains by high-pressure liquid chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunoassay. In addition to the classical alpha 1- and alpha 2-chains, we found small amounts of the recently discovered alpha 3-, alpha 4- and alpha 5-chains. The alpha 3- and alpha 4-chains were, collectively, 7-13% of the total, and the alpha 5-chain was present in a low amount. Seventy-nine percent of the NC1-domains were dimerized. Immunolocalization studies on sections of aorta showed that the alpha 3- and alpha 5-chains were present, along with alpha 1- and alpha 2-chains, in the subendothelium and media. In capillaries of the media, the alpha 3-chain was found at relatively high levels and was co-localized with alpha 1- and alpha 2-chains. Digestion of aorta with Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase yielded soluble multimolecular assemblies of type IV collagen. Electron microscopy results provided a direct demonstration of the supramolecular structure, in which the collagen molecules were tetramerized at the amino-terminal end and dimerized at the carboxyl-terminal end.