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Pulsed magnetization transfer spin-echo MR imaging

G B Pike1, G H Glover, B S Hu

  • 1Department of Radiology, Lucas MRS Center, Stanford University, CA 94305.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Magnetization transfer contrast in MRI utilizes cross-relaxation between macromolecular and water protons. This study analyzes binomial pulses for selective saturation, enhancing contrast in spin-echo imaging for improved diagnostics.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cross-relaxation between macromolecular and water protons is crucial in biological tissues.
  • Magnetization transfer (MT) contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging relies on selective saturation of macromolecular protons.
  • Existing methods for selective saturation include off-resonance continuous wave irradiation or intense on-resonance pulses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the efficacy of 0-degree binomial pulses for T2 selective saturation in MR imaging.
  • To provide design guidelines for implementing these binomial pulses.
  • To demonstrate the application of these pulses in spin-echo imaging sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 0-degree binomial pulses for T2 selective saturation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Modification of phenomenologic Bloch equations to incorporate two-site exchange.
  • Derivation of analytic expressions for water proton relaxation under pulsed saturation.
  • Application in spin-echo imaging sequences in healthy volunteers and patients.

    • Main Results:

    • The study derived analytic expressions for water proton relaxation under pulsed saturation, showing monoexponential behavior.
    • The relaxation rate constant is dependent on saturation pulse repetition rate and individual/cross-relaxation rates.
    • Binomial pulses were demonstrated effectively in spin-echo imaging sequences.

    Conclusions:

    • 0-degree binomial pulses are effective for T2 selective saturation in MR imaging.
    • These pulses offer a viable method for generating magnetization transfer contrast.
    • The derived analytic expressions provide a theoretical basis for understanding and optimizing MT contrast in pulsed sequences.