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Single-case methodology in psychotherapy process and outcome research

R B Hilliard1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study explains single-case research methods in psychotherapy, focusing on case-by-case replication rather than group data. It differentiates three types and identifies current research weaknesses.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychotherapy Research Methodology

Background:

  • Single-case research is a vital methodology within psychotherapy.
  • It differs from group research by focusing on individual cases and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate and explain the essential characteristics of single-case research methodology in psychotherapy.
  • To differentiate between single-case experiments, quantitative analyses, and case studies.
  • To identify weaknesses in current single-case psychotherapy research.

Main Methods:

  • The article reviews and categorizes single-case research designs.
  • It focuses on intrasubject research principles, avoiding aggregation across subjects.
  • Replication on a case-by-case basis is highlighted as a key element for generalizability.

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Main Results:

  • Single-case research avoids aggregation across subjects (Ss).
  • Generality of findings is established through case-by-case replication.
  • Three basic types of single-case research are identified: experiments, quantitative analyses, and case studies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding single-case research characteristics is crucial for psychotherapy.
  • Differentiating design types aids in appropriate application and interpretation.
  • Addressing identified weaknesses will enhance the rigor of single-case psychotherapy research.