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Octopamine effects mimick state-dependent changes in a proprioceptive feedback system

A Büschges1, R Kittmann, J M Ramirez

  • 1Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.

Journal of Neurobiology
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Octopamine injection in stick insects initially activates them, improving femur-tibia control loop function. Subsequently, it suppresses reflexes, mimicking inactivity by altering neural pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Insect Physiology
  • Biogenic Amines

Background:

  • The femur-tibia (FT) control loop in stick insects is crucial for locomotion.
  • Biogenic amines, like octopamine, are known to modulate insect behavior and physiology.
  • Understanding octopamine's role in motor control provides insights into neural regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the modulatory effects of octopamine on the stick insect's FT control loop.
  • To determine how octopamine influences the response properties of the FT control loop under different behavioral states.
  • To elucidate the specific neural pathways affected by octopamine in relation to FT joint control.

Main Methods:

  • Examined FT control loop properties under open-loop conditions in Carausius morosus.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured tibial movement and motoneuronal activity in response to mechanical stimulation of the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO).
  • Administered octopamine via hemolymph injection and topical application to the mesothoracic ganglion, observing behavioral and neural responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Octopamine injection induced biphasic behavioral changes: initial activation followed by inactivity.
    • During activation, FT control loop properties resembled those of tactilely stimulated active insects.
    • In the inactive phase, octopamine dose-dependently suppressed the resistance reflex, with zero gain in the control loop, while active movements remained possible.
    • Octopamine specifically inhibited resistance reflex pathways but allowed feedback responses typical of active states.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased octopamine concentration mimics animal activation, inhibiting inactive state properties and facilitating active state properties of the FT control loop.
    • Distinct neural pathways within the FT control loop are differentially modulated by octopamine, correlating with active and inactive behavioral states.
    • Octopamine plays a critical role in switching between different motor control strategies in stick insects based on behavioral context.