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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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The concept of static, stagnation, dynamic, and total pressure is fundamental in fluid dynamics, often explained using Bernoulli's equation:
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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Total knee arthroplasty in active golfers

W J Mallon1, J J Callaghan

  • 1Triangle Orthopaedic Associates, Durham, NC 27704.

The Journal of Arthroplasty
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) impacts golf performance, causing higher handicaps and shorter drives. Post-surgery pain and radiolucencies are common, especially in left knees.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Sports medicine

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is common in older adults, many of whom engage in golf.
  • Previous studies have not evaluated TKA outcomes in active golfers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of TKA on golf performance and patient-reported outcomes.
  • To assess the incidence of pain and radiolucencies in golfers post-TKA.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 83 active golfers who underwent TKA.
  • Data collected on golf handicap, drive length, pain levels, and radiographic findings (radiolucencies).

Main Results:

  • Golfers experienced a significant increase in handicap (+4.6 strokes) and reduced drive length after TKA.
  • 53.7% of TKAs showed radiolucencies, with 79.1% in cemented TKAs.

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  • 15.7% reported mild knee pain during play and 34.9% after play, with left TKAs associated with more pain.
  • Conclusions:

    • TKA significantly affects golf performance and can lead to post-operative knee pain.
    • Radiolucencies are a common finding after TKA in golfers.
    • Surgeons should counsel patients on potential performance changes and pain after TKA for golf.