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Related Experiment Videos

Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings

D P Green1, S L Goldman, P Salovey

  • 1Department of Political Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-3532.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Mood research often debates whether positive and negative emotions are independent or bipolar. This study suggests mood is largely bipolar when response errors are accounted for, highlighting the need for multi-method mood assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Ongoing debate in affect research regarding the dimensionality of mood: independence versus bipolarity.
  • Previous studies suggest independence of positive and negative moods, with low correlations.
  • Potential confounding factors like response error have been overlooked in prior research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dimensionality of mood, specifically whether positive and negative affect are independent or bipolar.
  • To examine the impact of response error on the perceived independence of mood states.
  • To advocate for a multi-method approach in mood assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three studies to assess mood.
  • Employed multiple methods for mood assessment to account for response error.

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  • Utilized statistical techniques to correct for random and nonrandom response error.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supporting mood independence may be an artifact of uncorrected response error.
    • When response error is addressed, a largely bipolar structure for affect emerges.
    • Correlations between positive and negative moods are higher than previously reported when error is controlled.

    Conclusions:

    • The structure of mood is predominantly bipolar, not independent.
    • Response error significantly influences the measurement and interpretation of mood dimensions.
    • A multi-method approach is crucial for accurate mood assessment and understanding its structure.