[Effect of anesthetics on sensory evoked potentials]

The authors have reviewed the main effects of anaesthetic agents on sensory evoked potentials (EPs) in the auditory, somatosensory and visual modalities. Knowledge of EP changes induced by anesthetic drugs is important to avoid false alarms when monitoring neural structures at risk during surgery. Intraoperative EP monitoring is all the more efficient as the following points are taken into account: 1) whatever the sensory modality considered, EPs are more attenuated by volatile halogenated agents than by intravenous drugs; 2) the cortical components of EPs are more sensitive to anesthetic drugs than the brainstem components; 3) in each modality, the first component of the "primary cortical complex" is less attenuated by anaesthetic agents than the following cortical waves; 4) continuous administration of anaesthetic agents rather than acute administration (bolus) is preferred during EP monitoring. EPs also represent an objective means to assess the depth of surgical anaesthesia, since they may provide a reliable index of cortical depression. Amplitude changes of middle-latency auditory responses (Pa/Nb) seem to be a good marker for estimating depth of anaesthesia with the aid of EPs.