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Screening for HIV infection in pregnancy
C F Davison1, F J Holland, M L Newell
1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
AIDS Care
|January 1, 1993
Summary
Antenatal HIV screening in the British Isles identified less than 50% of pregnant women with HIV. This study highlights under-recognition of HIV infection during pregnancy, particularly in England and Wales.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
Background:
- Antenatal care is a critical juncture for identifying infections in pregnant individuals.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening policies vary across healthcare systems.
- Effective screening is crucial for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To survey antenatal HIV screening policies in the British Isles.
- To assess the effectiveness of different screening strategies in identifying HIV infection in pregnant women.
- To identify gaps in HIV recognition during pregnancy.
Main Methods:
- Survey of antenatal HIV screening policies across the British Isles.
- Linking screening data with Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists notifications of HIV-infected pregnant women.
- Analysis of laboratory reports, pediatric data, and neonatal screening programs.
Main Results:
- Fewer than 50% of pregnant women with HIV were identified for the first time during antenatal clinic visits, regardless of whether testing was universal or risk-based.
- Evidence suggests significant under-recognition of HIV infection in pregnancy.
- Under-recognition was particularly pronounced in England and Wales.
Conclusions:
- Current antenatal HIV screening strategies in the British Isles are insufficient for identifying a majority of infected pregnancies.
- There is a need to improve HIV detection rates in pregnant populations.
- Enhanced surveillance and policy review are recommended, especially for England and Wales.