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Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy

I G Mayhew, A deLahunta, R H Whitlock

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |January 15, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diffuse degenerative myeloencephalopathy caused symmetric tetraparesis and ataxia in young horses and a zebra. Pathologic studies revealed widespread spinal cord degeneration, most severe in thoracic segments, with axonal swelling and neuronal abnormalities.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Equine Pathology
    • Comparative Neurology

    Background:

    • Neurologic diseases in equids can cause significant motor deficits.
    • Symmetric tetraparesis and ataxia present diagnostic challenges in young animals.
    • Degenerative myeloencephalopathy (DME) is a poorly understood condition affecting the central nervous system.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the clinical and pathological features of diffuse degenerative myeloencephalopathy in young horses and a zebra.
    • To characterize the distribution and severity of central nervous system lesions.
    • To identify potential contributing factors, although the cause remained undetermined.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical examination of affected animals including assessment of gait and neurological deficits.

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  • Pathological examination of the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain).
  • Histopathological analysis to identify degenerative changes, axonal swelling, and neuronal abnormalities.

    • Main Results:

    • All six animals (five horses, one zebra) presented with symmetric tetraparesis and ataxia from birth to 12 months of age.
    • Pathological findings confirmed diffuse degenerative myeloencephalopathy affecting the spinal cord, particularly thoracic segments.
    • Severe degeneration was noted in ventral and dorsolateral funiculi, with axonal swelling and neuronal changes in gray matter and brain-stem nuclei, notably the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffuse degenerative myeloencephalopathy is a significant cause of symmetric tetraparesis and ataxia in young equids.
    • The observed pathological changes indicate a widespread neurodegenerative process affecting specific spinal cord tracts and neuronal populations.
    • The etiology of this condition in the studied population remains unknown, warranting further investigation.