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[Hormonal regulation in cardiac function--endocrine, paracrine, autocrine]
1Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical School.
Summary
Vasoactive peptide hormones function locally, not just through circulation. In heart failure, impaired local vasodilation contributes to vasoconstriction abnormalities.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Molecular Biology
Context:
- Vasoactive peptide hormones (endothelin, renin-angiotensin, endothelium-derived relaxing factor) traditionally viewed as endocrine.
- Recent findings show local tissue expression of these peptide genes and products.
- This challenges the purely endocrine model, highlighting local tissue synthesis.
Purpose:
- To explore the shift in understanding vasoactive peptide hormone function from solely endocrine to include autocrine and paracrine roles.
- To investigate the physiological implications of local peptide synthesis in tissue regulation.
- To examine the role of these systems in the context of congestive heart failure.
Summary:
- Peptide hormones like endothelin are synthesized in multiple local tissues, suggesting autocrine and paracrine functions beyond endocrine regulation.
- Congestive heart failure patients exhibit elevated endothelin-1 and activated renin-angiotensin systems.
- Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in heart failure, contributing to vasoconstriction issues.
Impact:
- Redefines the physiological understanding of peptide hormone action, integrating local and systemic regulation.
- Provides insights into the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure, linking peptide dysregulation to clinical manifestations.
- Suggests potential therapeutic targets for heart failure by addressing local vasoactive peptide imbalances.