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Dietary protein paradox: decrease of amino acid availability induced by high-protein diets

C Moundras1, C Remesy, C Demigne

  • 1Laboratoire des Maladies Métaboliques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, St. Genès Champanelle, France.

The American Journal of Physiology
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Dietary protein levels significantly impact amino acid availability. High protein diets increase amino acid breakdown, while low protein diets cause accumulation, affecting tissue metabolism and adaptation rates.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Dietary protein intake is crucial for maintaining amino acid homeostasis.
  • Understanding tissue amino acid availability is key to metabolic regulation.
  • Adaptation to varying protein levels influences nutrient utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different dietary protein concentrations affect amino acid availability in tissues.
  • To examine the impact of postprandial and postabsorptive states on amino acid metabolism.
  • To determine the time course of metabolic adaptation to changes in protein intake.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were fed diets with varying casein concentrations (7.5% to 60%).
  • Tissue and plasma samples were collected during postprandial and postabsorptive periods.

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  • Enzyme activities, including threonine-serine dehydratase, were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Low protein diets led to glucogenic amino acid accumulation in plasma, liver, and muscle.
    • High protein diets induced significant amino acid catabolism, lowering liver concentrations.
    • Metabolic adaptation to protein changes varied, with some amino acids adapting faster than others.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary protein levels profoundly influence amino acid catabolism and tissue availability.
    • The rate of metabolic adaptation differs among amino acids and enzymes.
    • These findings highlight the complex interplay between diet, metabolism, and tissue function.