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Tetanus of immunized children

M Luisto1, M Iivanainen

  • 1Department of Neurology, Käpylä Rehabilitation Centre, Helsinki, Finland.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Even immunized children can contract tetanus, experiencing milder symptoms. This study highlights the challenges in diagnosing tetanus in vaccinated individuals, contrasting with severe cases in unimmunized populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system.
  • Neonatal tetanus is a significant cause of mortality in developing countries due to inadequate immunization.
  • Understanding tetanus presentation in immunized populations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • Five pediatric cases of tetanus were reported in Finland between 1969 and 1985.
  • Four of the five children had received adequate tetanus immunization.
  • Clinical presentation in these children was mild to moderate, without requiring respiratory support.

Findings:

  • Tetanus in adequately immunized individuals can present atypically and benignly.
  • Differential diagnoses included epilepsy, meningitis, and psychogenic symptoms.

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  • The benign course in immunized children contrasts sharply with fatal neonatal tetanus in unimmunized populations.

    • Implications:

    • The diagnosis of tetanus in immunized patients presents challenges due to its atypical presentation.
    • Clinical vigilance is necessary even in vaccinated individuals, especially when symptoms are non-specific.
    • This highlights the importance of continued surveillance and understanding of vaccine effectiveness in diverse populations.