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Classification and evolution of Asian colobines

Y Z Peng1, R L Pan, N G Jablonski

  • 1Department of Primatology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan.

Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Asian colobine differentiation was studied using skull morphology and paleoenvironmental data. Two evolutionary origins, Sundaland and Heng Duan Shan, are proposed, with insights into genus relationships and primitive traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Primatology
  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Asian colobines exhibit diverse cranial morphologies.
  • Understanding their evolutionary history is crucial for primate phylogeny.
  • Previous studies have proposed different evolutionary relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differentiation and evolutionary origins of Asian colobines.
  • To construct a cladogram for six genera of Asian colobines.
  • To examine the influence of paleoenvironmental changes on their distribution and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 14 cranial variables from 123 skulls across five genera (Rhinopithecus, Presbytis, Presbytiscus, Pygathrix, Nasalis).
  • Application of one-way, cluster, and discriminant function analyses.

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  • Integration of paleoenvironmental data from China and Southeast Asia since the late Tertiary.
  • Main Results:

    • Two primary migratory routes suggested: through Xizang (Tibet) and Heng Duan Shan regions.
    • Proposed two centers of evolutionary origin: Sundaland and Heng Duan Shan.
    • Pygathrix shows closer cranial affinities to Presbytiscus than to Rhinopithecus.
    • Nasalis identified as potentially the most primitive genus, with shared primitive traits with Rhinopithecus.
    • Rhinopithecus exhibits a unique combination of specialized and primitive craniofacial features.

    Conclusions:

    • Asian colobines likely originated from two distinct centers, influenced by migratory routes and paleoenvironmental shifts.
    • The study refines understanding of intergeneric relationships within Asian colobines.
    • Rhinopithecus represents a specialized lineage retaining ancestral characteristics.