Distribution of bacterial endotoxin in human and rabbit blood and effects of stroma-free hemoglobin

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) is known to interact with numerous components of blood, including erythrocytes, mononuclear cells, platelets, neutrophils, lipoproteins, and plasma proteins. The relative affinities of LPS for these elements, and the distribution of LPS between them, are unknown. Cross-linked stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH), a potential substitute for erythrocyte transfusion, produces in vivo toxicity in animals consistent with significant LPS contamination. Therefore, we studied the distribution of LPS in human and rabbit blood and examined whether the presence of SFH altered LPS distribution. In either the presence or absence of SFH, LPS was associated predominantly with high-density lipoproteins and apoproteins. There was lesser binding to low- and very-low-density lipoproteins. Examination of the apoprotein pool by column chromatography and density centrifugation demonstrated that LPS in this fraction was predominantly protein bound. Binding of LPS to SFH resulted in dissociation of a portion of the LPS into low-molecular-weight complexes. Cell-bound LPS was only 2 to 16% of the total and was unaffected by SFH. The distribution among blood cells demonstrated predominant binding to platelets in human blood but predominant binding to erythrocytes in rabbit blood. Cellular distribution was not significantly altered by SFH.