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Bacterial phospholipases C

R W Titball1

  • 1Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.

Microbiological Reviews
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial phospholipases C are enzymes produced by pathogenic bacteria. Understanding their diverse roles in disease pathogenesis and host cell interactions is crucial for developing vaccines and using them as research tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Pathogenic bacteria produce phospholipases C (PLCs), enzymes of significant research interest since 1944.
  • Initially thought to be uniformly lethal, PLCs exhibit diverse functions and are classified into four main structural groups.
  • Zinc-metallophospholipases C are extensively studied, with toxic variants possessing an additional domain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles and mechanisms of bacterial phospholipases C in pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding PLC structure-function relationships for vaccine development and research applications.
  • To differentiate between the lytic and non-lytic effects of PLCs on host cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of characterized phospholipases C enzymes.

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  • Analysis of structural classifications and functional properties of PLCs.
  • Discussion of PLC interactions with eukaryotic cell membranes and host signaling pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Phospholipases C can cause cell lysis by hydrolyzing membrane components like phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin.
    • Sublytic concentrations of PLCs can trigger host cell responses, including the arachidonic acid cascade and protein kinase C activation.
    • Non-lethal PLCs, such as Listeria monocytogenes PLC-A, facilitate bacterial escape from host cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The pathogenic roles of phospholipases C extend beyond simple cell lysis.
    • Understanding PLC mechanisms is vital for interpreting their use as membrane probes and models for eukaryotic enzymes.
    • Phospholipases C with significant pathogenic roles represent potential components for vaccine development.