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Mandibular changes during functional appliance treatment

C Nelson1, M Harkness, P Herbison

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
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This study found that the Harvold activator and Fränkel regulator primarily increased facial height and vertical molar development in children with Class II malocclusions. Neither appliance significantly altered mandibular size.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Craniofacial Growth

Background:

  • Class II, Division 1 malocclusions are common in children.
  • Orthodontic appliances aim to correct jaw discrepancies and improve facial aesthetics.
  • Understanding mandibular growth response to functional appliances is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of the Fränkel function regulator and Harvold activator on mandibular position and size.
  • To evaluate changes in Class II malocclusion in children over 18 months.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective trial with 42 children (10-13 years old) with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions.
  • Random assignment to control, Fränkel, or Harvold activator groups.
  • 18-month follow-up assessing changes in mandibular morphology and position.

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Main Results:

  • Both appliances promoted vertical development of mandibular molars and increased facial height.
  • The Harvold activator led to downward and forward condylar repositioning, increasing gonial angle and articulare-pogonion length.
  • The Harvold appliance also proclined lower incisors and increased mandibular arch length.
  • No significant changes in overall mandibular size were observed with either appliance.

Conclusions:

  • Fränkel and Harvold appliances influence mandibular position and facial growth, but not mandibular size.
  • The Harvold activator shows specific effects on condylar position and incisor proclination.
  • Further research may explore long-term effects and optimal patient selection for these appliances.