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Related Experiment Videos

Analysis of the external fixator pin-bone interface

K A Pettine1, E Y Chao, P J Kelly

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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External fixator pin loosening in dogs is linked to unstable fractures and low initial torque resistance. Proper pin insertion and fracture stability are crucial for minimizing loosening and ensuring effective external fixation.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Veterinary medicine

Background:

  • Pin loosening is a common complication in external fixation.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of pin loosening is essential for improving fixation stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of external fixator pin loosening in canine tibiae under various in vivo loading conditions.
  • To identify factors influencing pin loosening and radiographic/histologic indicators.

Main Methods:

  • External fixator pins inserted into dog tibiae under four loading conditions.
  • Quantitative measurement of pin torque resistance.
  • Radiographic and histologic evaluation of pin tracts.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Pins in unstable fractures showed increased loosening.
  • Initial pin torque resistance below 68 Ncm correlated with higher loosening rates (69% vs 9%).
  • Radiographic lucency (≥1 mm) and histologic signs (bone resorption, inflammation) indicated loosening.

Conclusions:

  • Pin loosening is associated with unstable fracture fixation and inadequate initial pin torque resistance.
  • Radiographic and histologic assessments can detect pin loosening.
  • Optimizing pin insertion technique and ensuring fracture stability are key to minimizing external fixator pin loosening.