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Aortic venting. Comparison of vent effectiveness

J D Marco, H B Barner

    The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Aortic vents effectively remove air emboli, with aspirating models showing superior performance. Canine blood aspiration revealed acceptable hemolysis levels for both tested vents.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Surgery
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • Air embolism is a risk during cardiac procedures.
    • Effective removal of air from the aortic root is critical.
    • Commercially available aortic vents vary in performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of three commercial aortic vents in removing air emboli.
    • To compare vent performance with and without aspiration at different cardiac outputs.
    • To assess the impact of aspiration on blood hemolysis.

    Main Methods:

    • A mock circulatory circuit was used to introduce controlled air volumes.
    • Three aortic vents were tested under varying flow rates (2 L/min and 4 L/min).
    • Air removal efficiency and serum hemoglobin levels post-aspiration were measured.

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    Main Results:

    • Vent 2 without aspiration was moderately effective.
    • Aspirating Vents 1 and 3 demonstrated significantly higher air removal rates.
    • Vent 3 outperformed Vent 1 at 4 L/min cardiac output.
    • Hemolysis levels were acceptable after aspirating canine blood.

    Conclusions:

    • Aspiration capability significantly enhances aortic vent effectiveness in removing air emboli.
    • Vent 3 shows superior performance, particularly at higher flow rates.
    • Current aspirating aortic vents provide a safe and effective method for air management.