Soft tissue reconstruction. Coverage of lower leg. Rotational flap

The combined orthopedic and plastic surgical approach to the injured lower extremity has permitted successful salvage of otherwise severely injured limbs. Although numerous muscle and fascial flaps have been described for all regions of the leg between the knee and foot, specific treatment regimens have become popular based on the location of the wound. Refinements in flap surgery have permitted the approach discussed in this article to become standard in the care of patients with either chronic osteomyelitis or acutely injured limbs. This article delineates the muscle and fascial flaps that are used to reconstruct these defects.