Physical examination of the thrower's elbow

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Sports Medicine
• Anatomy

Background:

• Thrower's elbow involves complex pathologies requiring accurate diagnosis.
• A systematic physical examination is crucial for identifying specific elbow injuries in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline a systematic and thorough evaluation process for diagnosing thrower's elbow.
• To guide clinicians in the differential diagnosis of elbow pathologies in throwing athletes.

Main Methods:

• Detailed patient history and functional anatomy knowledge.
• Comprehensive physical examination including inspection, palpation, range of motion, muscle testing, neurologic assessment, and special tests.
• Radiographic examinations such as computerized tomograph arthrogram and magnetic resonance imaging.

Main Results:

• Key special tests for thrower's elbow include Tinel test, tennis elbow sign, ulnar collateral ligament stability testing, valgus extension overload test, and radiocapitella chondromalacia test.
• Integration of clinical examination findings with advanced imaging aids in accurate diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• A systematic approach to physical examination is essential for effective diagnosis of thrower's elbow.
• This evaluation process empowers clinicians to accurately diagnose and manage elbow pathologies in throwing athletes.