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Does topical hydrogen peroxide penetrate the cornea?

G Wilson¹, M V Riley

¹Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-4390.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|August 1, 1993

Summary

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) penetration into the aqueous humor depends on concentration and application method. The ocular surface rapidly eliminates H2O2, with penetration thresholds varying by volume and exposure duration.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Corneal Physiology
Ocular Toxicology

Background:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species with potential ocular toxicity.
Understanding H2O2 penetration into the anterior chamber is crucial for managing ocular injuries and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the conditions under which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) penetrates the cornea.
To determine factors influencing H2O2 concentration in the aqueous humor.

Main Methods:

In vitro and in vivo rabbit corneal models were used.
Exposure to varying concentrations (up to 60 mmol/l) and volumes (600 microliters or drops) of H2O2.
Measurement of H2O2 levels in ocular tissues and aqueous humor over time.

Main Results:

H2O2 in aqueous humor has a short half-life (20 minutes) due to catalase activity.
Corneal penetration of H2O2 was observed at concentrations of 18 mmol/l when applied to the cornea alone.
Higher concentrations (above 36 mmol/l) were required for penetration when applied as drops to the entire ocular surface.

Conclusions:

The ocular surface rapidly eliminates exogenous H2O2 via enzymatic activity.
Corneal H2O2 penetration into the aqueous humor is dependent on concentration, volume, duration, and exposed ocular surface area.
The healthy eye possesses mechanisms to neutralize H2O2 in the aqueous humor and surrounding tissues.

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