The effects of photofrin on human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in vitro

Pharmacological agents that modulate the wound healing process by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation may improve the success of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and glaucoma filtration surgery and may have applications in other surgical fields. It is possible that light-absorbing chemicals can be used to cause photo reactions in proliferating fibroblasts as a means of controlling this wound healing process. We present the effects of photofrin porfimer sodium (serial tenfold dilutions 1000-0.00001 micrograms/ml) on human fibroblasts from Tenon's capsule in vitro, with and without photoactivation with Argon green laser (700 mW for 1 and 5 minutes) and with bright sunlight (for 1 and 5 min). The cell density was measured on day 2 by 3H-thymidine uptake and on day 9 by means of a coulter counter, and optical density was measured in terms of the activity of the enzyme hexosaminidase. Each experiment was performed three times in quadruplicate. The counts were averaged for each drug concentration and mean cell count with a standard error as well as the 50% inhibitory doses (ID50s) were calculated. Photofrin demonstrated an inhibitory dose response curve (dark toxicity) to human fibroblasts. Concentrations greater than 100 micrograms/ml of photofrin alone completely inhibited cell growth. Concentrations less than 0.01 micrograms/ml did not have any effect on fibroblast proliferation. There was no significant log dose shift of the inhibitory effect of photofrin with the exposure to either sunlight or Argon laser. Photofrin may be used as a cytotoxic agent alone but does not appear to be activated by light to modulate subconjunctival fibroblast proliferation within the laser parameters used.