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Isoflurane-induced splanchnic sympathectomy

D Jordan1, E D Miller

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Isoflurane anesthesia did not produce a splanchnic sympathectomy, unlike fentanyl and pentobarbital, which increased blood pressure and adrenal catecholamines during nerve stimulation in dogs.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Physiology
  • Surgical Research

Background:

  • The effects of different anesthetics on the sympathetic nervous system are crucial for surgical outcomes.
  • Understanding peripheral sympathectomy is key to managing autonomic responses during anesthesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of isoflurane, fentanyl, and pentobarbital anesthesia on peripheral splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity.
  • To determine if isoflurane causes a splanchnic sympathectomy.

Main Methods:

  • 12 mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to receive pentobarbital, fentanyl, or isoflurane anesthesia.
  • Unilateral electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve was performed for 90 minutes.
  • Hemodynamic parameters, adrenal blood flow, and catecholamine levels (norepinephrine and epinephrine) were measured.

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Main Results:

  • Pentobarbital and fentanyl anesthesia resulted in significant increases in mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and adrenal catecholamine release.
  • Isoflurane anesthesia did not produce these sympathetic responses, suggesting a potential splanchnic sympathectomy.
  • Arterial norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations remained unchanged across all groups during stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Isoflurane anesthesia appears to induce a peripheral splanchnic sympathectomy in dogs.
  • Fentanyl and pentobarbital anesthesia do not produce this effect and maintain sympathetic responses.
  • These findings have implications for anesthetic choices in procedures involving the splanchnic circulation.