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Anion selectivity in biological systems

E M Wright, J M Diamond

    Physiological Reviews
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Monovalent anion selectivity exhibits predictable patterns in biological and physical systems. Theoretical models explain these observed halide sequences based on binding energies, hydration, and site characteristics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physical Chemistry
    • Biophysics
    • Ion Transport

    Background:

    • Monovalent anion selectivity presents persistent challenges in understanding ion interactions.
    • Observed anion effects in biological and physical systems follow specific qualitative patterns, with only a subset of theoretical sequences appearing in nature.
    • Quantitative regularities, termed empirical selectivity isotherms, characterize anion potency across various effects, including equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize established facts and interpretations regarding monovalent anion selectivity.
    • To develop theoretical models explaining observed anion potency sequences as equilibrium binding energies.
    • To investigate the factors determining anion selectivity patterns in different cationic sites.

    Main Methods:

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    • Developed four theoretical models for anion potency sequences, including electrostatic binding energy calculations and thermochemically measured binding energies.
    • Assessed anion selectivity based on the balance between hydration energies and ion-site binding energies.
    • Analyzed site characteristics such as radius, charge, coordination number, and dipole length to explain selectivity differences.

    Main Results:

    • All four models successfully predicted the five observed halide selectivity sequences.
    • Models predicted two additional halide sequences for very strong sites, not yet observed.
    • Predictions for polyatomic anions showed approximate agreement with observations.
    • Thyroidlike systems were reinterpreted as having the weakest sites, preferring iodide.
    • Site hydration influences the magnitude but not the sequence of potency ratios.

    Conclusions:

    • Established theoretical frameworks can account for observed monovalent anion selectivity patterns.
    • Anion selectivity is governed by the interplay of hydration and binding energies, modulated by site properties.
    • Further experimental validation is needed for predicted, unobserved halide sequences and polyatomic anion interactions.