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Caffeine self-administration and withdrawal: incidence, individual differences and interrelationships

J R Hughes1, A H Oliveto, W K Bickel

  • 1University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington 05405.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Caffeine self-administration occurred in 31% of subjects, while caffeine withdrawal affected 35-49%. Experiencing withdrawal symptoms like headaches increased the likelihood of caffeine self-administration.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive substance.
  • Understanding caffeine dependence and withdrawal is crucial for public health.
  • Previous studies have individually assessed caffeine self-administration and withdrawal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To collate data from prior studies to determine the incidence of caffeine self-administration and withdrawal.
  • To identify predictors of caffeine self-administration and withdrawal.
  • To analyze the relationship between caffeine withdrawal symptoms and self-administration behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of four prior studies involving caffeine (100 mg) self-administration and withdrawal assessments.
  • Self-administration assessed by comparing caffeinated coffee vs. decaffeinated coffee intake.

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  • Withdrawal assessed via placebo substitution in double-blind tests.
  • Consistency and statistical criteria used to define self-administration and withdrawal.

    • Main Results:

    • Caffeine self-administration incidence was 31% (consistency criterion) and 27% (statistical criterion).
    • Caffeine withdrawal incidence was 35% (consistency criterion) and 49% (statistical criterion).
    • Subjects experiencing withdrawal headaches and drowsiness were 2.3-2.6 times more likely to self-administer caffeine.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant portion of individuals exhibit caffeine self-administration and withdrawal.
    • Subjective withdrawal symptoms are key predictors of continued caffeine use.
    • Factors like average caffeine intake did not predict self-administration or withdrawal in this cohort.