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The change in ulnar variance with grip

S L Friedman1, A K Palmer, W H Short

  • 1Hand Surgery Section, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse, N.Y. 13202.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Grip exertion increases ulnar variance in the wrist. This finding suggests repetitive gripping activities may contribute to the development of ulnar impaction syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Ulnar variance, the relative length of the ulna and radius, is a critical factor in wrist joint mechanics.
  • Ulnar impaction syndrome is a condition characterized by pain and dysfunction in the wrist, potentially linked to ulnar variance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of grip force on ulnar variance in asymptomatic wrists.
  • To explore the potential etiological role of grip-related activities in ulnar impaction syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • 66 symptom-free wrists from 53 volunteers were analyzed using posteroanterior X-rays.
  • Grip force was measured using a Jamar dynamometer before and after exertion.
  • Volunteers were divided into two groups: one exerting a constant grip force (11.3 kg) and another maximum grip effort (mean 30 kg).

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Main Results:

  • Both constant and maximum grip efforts significantly increased ulnar variance.
  • A mean increase of 1.27 mm was observed with constant grip and 1.95 mm with maximum grip.
  • The minimum observed increase in ulnar variance was 0.25 mm.

Conclusions:

  • Grip exertion leads to a statistically significant relative increase in ulnar variance.
  • Repetitive gripping and forearm rotation in daily activities may play a role in the development of ulnar impaction syndrome.