Dosimetry of 125I sources in a low-density material using scaling

One may apply O'Connor's scaling theorem to dose measurements with brachytherapy sources in order to overcome the difficulties associated with the need for high spatial accuracy. This possibility has been evaluated by measuring the dose distribution around 125I sources in a low-density styrofoam phantom and comparing it with the dose distributions in water and solid water. Some generalization of the scaling theorem is proposed to allow for the minor differences in atomic composition between styrofoam and water, and the distances are scaled according to the ratio of the linear attenuation coefficients, instead of the physical densities, of the two media. The validity of this application of the scaling theorem has also been tested using Monte Carlo calculations. The results indicate that the scaling of the styrofoam measurements to water is a useful approximation in brachytherapy dosimetry.