The basic science of meniscus repair

The meniscus transmits load and reduces stress and compression of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the knee during weight bearing. Removal of even small portions of the meniscus may increase joint contact forces dramatically and lead to early degenerative changes in the knee. The goal of meniscus surgery is to preserve as much functional meniscus tissue as possible in the hope of decreasing the risk of late degenerative sequelae and still relieve the symptoms associated with the tear. The indication for repair of any meniscus tear should depend solely on the ability to technically stabilize and coaptate the tear. This article reviews the basic treatment principles of meniscal tears.