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Women and HIV
1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Background:
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has emerged as a major health problem for women in the United States. Family physicians can play an important role in the detection and care of HIV-infected women.
Methods:
The epidemiology and natural history of HIV infection in women were reviewed. Articles were selected by a computer MEDLINE search.
Results:
HIV infection is now a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young women in the United States, particularly women of racial and ethnic minorities. Most cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women occur as a result of injection-drug use or heterosexual transmission. Based on limited information, women and men appear to have similar AIDS-defining conditions. Gynecologic problems are common in HIV-infected women. Pregnancy does not seem to be affected by early HIV infection, but women with advanced disease might be at increased risk for obstetric complications.
Conclusions:
More women need to be included in natural history studies and clinical drug trials. Early awareness of HIV infection and better access to health care services are required to improve the treatment and survival of HIV-infected women.