Heat-shock proteins and juvenile chronic arthritis

Heat-shock proteins are a category of proteins that are synthesized under stressful conditions (such as increased temperatures) both by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Heat-shock proteins are a major target of the immune response and thus can be considered dominant antigens. Under physiological circumstances the response to heat-shock proteins is considered to play a role in the overall defence against bacterial infections. An aberrant immune response against heat-shock proteins may lead to autoimmunity, as illustrated by adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats. Current evidence also points towards a role of T cell immunity against heat-shock proteins in the development of human autoimmune diseases such as juvenile chronic arthritis.