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Related Experiment Videos

Localization using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions

E M Wenzel1, M Arruda, D J Kistler

  • 1Aerospace Human Factors Research Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Listeners can localize virtual sounds using non-individualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), but spectral cues for elevation accuracy are distorted. This impacts spatial auditory display utility.

Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Acoustics
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Virtual acoustic displays synthesize 3D sound over headphones using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs).
  • Accurate localization of virtual sound sources is crucial for the utility of these displays.
  • Previous research showed accurate localization with individualized HRTFs, but measuring these for each user is often impractical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if listeners can achieve adequate sound source localization using non-individualized HRTFs.
  • To assess the accuracy of virtual sound source localization compared to free-field conditions when using representative HRTFs.

Main Methods:

  • Inexperienced listeners judged the direction (azimuth and elevation) of noisebursts.
  • Stimuli were presented either in the free-field or over headphones synthesized with non-individualized HRTFs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Localization accuracy was compared between free-field and virtual auditory display conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • 12 out of 16 subjects showed accurate localization of virtual sources, comparable to free-field conditions.
    • Two subjects had poor elevation accuracy in both conditions, and two showed degraded elevation accuracy with virtual sources.
    • Front-back and up-down confusions increased significantly for virtual sources compared to free-field stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • Interaural cues for horizontal localization are robust even with non-individualized HRTFs.
    • Spectral cues important for resolving elevation are distorted by synthesis using non-individualized HRTFs.
    • The use of non-individualized HRTFs may limit the elevation accuracy in virtual acoustic displays.