ABO blood grouping on dental tissue

Area of Science:

• Forensic Odontology
• Immunogenetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Dental DNA analysis is crucial for identification.
• Reliable methods for ABO blood grouping from teeth are needed.
• Previous methods using dental materials showed limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of ABO blood grouping from dental extracts.
• To compare the 2D AI technique with the AE technique for dental ABO grouping.
• To determine the reliability of ABO grouping from tooth powder and extracts.

Main Methods:

• ABO blood group substance was extracted from 25 permanent teeth using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
• ABO grouping was performed on PBS extracts using the 2D AI technique.
• Comparison with the absorption-elution (AE) technique on tooth fragments, powder, and fibers was conducted.

Main Results:

• The 2D AI technique on PBS extracts yielded reliable ABO grouping results (24/25 correct).
• No false positive results were observed with the 2D AI technique.
• The AE technique on other dental materials showed an unacceptable rate of false positive/negative results.

Conclusions:

• Phosphate-buffered saline extraction combined with the 2D AI technique is a reliable method for ABO blood grouping from teeth.
• This method is superior to the AE technique for analyzing dental materials.
• The findings support the use of this technique in forensic odontology.