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Sleep and respiration under acute hypobaric hypoxia

K Mizuno1, K Asano, N Okudaira

  • 1Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

The Japanese Journal of Physiology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Acute hypobaric hypoxia significantly reduced arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and disrupted nocturnal sleep architecture, particularly REM sleep and increasing wakefulness at 4,000m. Periodic breathing occurred above 3,000m, impacting sleep quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Sleep Science
  • Environmental Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding the physiological impact of high altitude on sleep is crucial for space exploration and mountaineering.
  • Hypobaric hypoxia presents unique challenges to human adaptation, affecting both respiratory and sleep patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on nocturnal sleep architecture.
  • To analyze respiratory responses during sleep at simulated high altitudes.
  • To determine the threshold altitude for sleep disturbance and periodic breathing.

Main Methods:

  • Five healthy young males slept for 8 hours in a hypobaric simulator at sea level and simulated altitudes of 1,500m, 3,000m, and 4,000m.
  • Polysomnography, respiratory monitoring, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were recorded throughout sleep.

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  • Each condition was separated by at least 3 days to ensure independence.

    • Main Results:

    • Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) decreased significantly with increasing altitude, reaching lowest values between 1-3 hours post-sleep onset at 4,000m.
    • Sleep architecture remained largely unchanged below 3,000m, but at 4,000m, REM sleep decreased and wakefulness increased after the first third of the night.
    • Periodic breathing (PB) with apnea/hypopnea occurred in all subjects above 3,000m, typically during light sleep, but did not consistently cause arousals.

    Conclusions:

    • No significant sleep disturbance was observed up to 3,000m altitude.
    • Nocturnal sleep at 4,000m was disturbed by severe hypoxemia and hypoventilation during deep sleep, leading to reduced REM sleep and increased wakefulness.
    • Periodic breathing at high altitude appears to have a different arousal profile compared to sleep apnea at sea level.