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Salivary effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions

R Fumarulo1, D Giordano, A Laforgia

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bari, Italy.

Oral Microbiology and Immunology
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Saliva can impact immune cell function. Low saliva concentrations enhance polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity and bacterial killing, while whole saliva inhibits these crucial immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are critical immune cells involved in pathogen defense.
  • Saliva plays a role in oral health and immune surveillance.
  • The interaction between saliva and PMN function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of salivary fluids on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions.
  • To determine how different saliva concentrations influence respiratory burst, degranulation, and bacterial killing.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated.
  • PMNs were incubated with varying concentrations of pooled human saliva.
  • Respiratory burst, enzymatic degranulation (beta-glucuronidase release), and killing of Staphylococcus aureus were measured.

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Main Results:

  • Low concentrations of saliva primed PMNs, enhancing O2 consumption and O2- release.
  • Primed PMNs showed increased beta-glucuronidase release and improved killing of Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Whole saliva significantly depressed all tested phagocytic activities of PMNs.

Conclusions:

  • Saliva exhibits a dose-dependent effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function.
  • Low saliva concentrations can potentiate PMN antimicrobial activity, suggesting a role in immune priming.
  • High concentrations of whole saliva may suppress PMN-mediated immunity, potentially impacting oral defense mechanisms.