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Related Experiment Videos

Physical activity and bone mass: exercises in futility?

M R Forwood1, D B Burr

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.

Bone and Mineral
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Exercise stimulates bone growth and adaptation in growing individuals, leading to stronger bones. However, excessive exercise can negatively impact bone development, while consistent activity is key for maintaining bone health in adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Growing bone exhibits adaptive responses to mechanical stimuli like exercise.
  • Bone remodeling involves periosteal expansion and endocortical contraction.
  • Exercise adaptations in bone can persist into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of exercise on bone growth, adaptation, and maintenance.
  • To explore age-related differences in bone's response to exercise.
  • To determine the impact of exercise intensity and duration on bone mineral content and density.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on exercise and bone.
  • Analysis of bone responses in growing, young adult, and aging populations.

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  • Examination of site-specific bone changes in response to varying exercise regimens.

    • Main Results:

    • Low to moderate exercise promotes bone additions and structural adaptations.
    • Excessive exercise can suppress normal bone growth and modeling.
    • Moderate to intensive training yields modest bone mineral content increases (1-3%) in premenopausal women and men.
    • Very strenuous training in young adults may increase tibial bone mineral content by up to 11% and bone density by 7%.
    • Exercise can lead to modest, site-specific bone mass increases in postmenopausal women.
    • Detraining negates exercise-induced bone gains, emphasizing the need for continued activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise significantly influences bone development and adaptation across the lifespan.
    • Bone's response to exercise is dependent on age, intensity, and initial bone mass.
    • Consistent physical activity is crucial for preserving bone mass and function, with greater potential gains for individuals with lower initial bone mass.