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Area-dependent changes in GABAergic function after acute and chronic cold stress

G B Acosta1, M E Otero Losada, M C Rubio

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas [ININFA], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas [CONICET], Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Neuroscience Letters
|May 14, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Cold stress impacts the brain's gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Both acute and chronic stress reduce GABA levels, uptake, and synthesis, suggesting adaptive changes occur with prolonged stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system is crucial for regulating neuronal excitability.
  • Stressors, including cold exposure, can significantly alter brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of acute and chronic cold stress on the GABAergic system in specific rat brain regions.
  • To measure GABA concentration, [3H]GABA uptake, and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were subjected to acute or chronic cold stress paradigms.
  • GABA concentration was measured using biochemical assays.
  • [3H]GABA uptake was assessed in synaptosomal preparations.
  • Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was determined spectrophotometrically.

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Main Results:

  • Acute cold stress reduced GABA concentration in the corpus striatum, decreased GAD activity in olfactory bulbs, and diminished [3H]GABA uptake in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulbs.
  • Chronic cold stress led to reduced endogenous GABA levels in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulbs, decreased GAD activity in the corpus striatum and olfactory bulbs, and lowered [3H]GABA uptake in the hypothalamus.
  • Significant reductions in GABAergic parameters were observed across various brain regions under both stress conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Both acute and chronic cold stress markedly affect the GABAergic system in the rat brain.
  • Chronic stress may induce compensatory mechanisms within the GABAergic system, although its overall function is impaired.