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Pasteur oral cholera vaccine: studies of reactogenicity, clinical acceptability and immunogenicity in human
P Pitisuttitham1, S Migasena, B Prayurahong
1Vaccine Trial Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Insights
The oral cholera vaccine, using antigenic fractions of V. cholerae, showed no adverse effects in healthy adults. It induced significant vibriocidal antibody responses against both Inaba and Ogawa serovars.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Cholera remains a significant public health concern, necessitating effective vaccine strategies.
- Vibrio cholerae El Tor, specifically Ogawa and Inaba serovars, are the primary causative agents of cholera outbreaks.
- Development of oral cholera vaccines offers a promising approach for widespread immunization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an oral cholera vaccine composed of isolated antigenic fractions.
- To assess the antibody responses, including vibriocidal and anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies, following oral administration of the vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Preparation of enteric-coated microgranules from lyophilized antigen of V. cholerae El Tor (Ogawa and Inaba).
- Oral administration of three vaccine doses at one-week intervals to 19 healthy young Thai adults.
- Measurement of vibriocidal antibody titers and IgG/IgA anti-LPS antibody levels pre- and post-vaccination.
Main Results:
- The oral cholera vaccine was well-tolerated, with no reported adverse reactions among the volunteers.
- A significant rise (≥ 4-fold) in vibriocidal antibodies was observed in 42.1% for Inaba and 21.1% for Ogawa serovars.
- Elevated IgG and IgA anti-LPS antibody responses (≥ 4-fold) were detected in 26.3% and 31.6% of vaccinees, respectively.
Conclusions:
- The oral cholera vaccine demonstrated a favorable safety profile in healthy adults.
- The vaccine induced measurable vibriocidal and anti-LPS antibody responses, indicating immunogenicity.
- Further studies are warranted to assess the protective efficacy of this oral cholera vaccine formulation.
Abstract:
Pasteur cholera vaccine consists of isolated antigenic fractions from V. cholerae El Tor Ogawa and Inaba. Enteric coated microgranules were prepared from antigen lyophilisate. Three doses of this vaccine were administered orally to 19 healthy young Thai adults at one week intervals. None of the volunteers experienced untowards reactions. The vibriocidal antibody responses manifested a significant antibody rise (> or = 4 fold) to serovar Inaba in 8 vaccinees (42.1%) and Ogawa in 4 (21.1%). Five and 6 vaccinees (26.3% and 31.6%) showed a > or = 4 fold rise of IgG and IgA anti-LPS, respectively.