[Should the use of succinylcholine in pediatric anesthesia be re-evaluated?]

We report on the occurrence of cardiac arrests within a few minutes following succinylcholine in 9 children, all of whom were later shown to have occult neuromuscular disease. Five of the children did not survive the catastrophic event. The anaesthetist in most cases, when discussing premedication, got the impression that the patients were in good health; just in 2 children were there indications of myopathy. Myopathic children coming to surgery and anaesthesia are rare. In these cases the administration of succinylcholine is contraindicated. But the anaesthetist must be aware of the fact that a small number of paediatric patients with unknown/subclinical myopathies might be referred to him. In these cases, without warning muscle rigor, bradycardia and hyperkalemia cardiac arrest may develop within minutes following administration of succinylcholine. The anaesthetist must be prepared for such a challenging event--particularly mentally. Misinterpretation of the symptoms as signs of malignant hyperthermia should be excluded. Resuscitation must start without delay and must continue for more than 30 minutes. Therapeutic attempts to lower extracellular potassium with glucose and insulin must fail for pharmacokinetic reasons. Therapy with intravenous calcium under control of the e.c.g. seems to be the only rational approach to the problem. It is suggested that in every healthy child coming to anaesthesia the physician should consider whether relaxation could not be achieved by other agents. Succinylcholine may well be defined as a "membrane poison"--especially considering the efflux of potassium, myoglobin and creatine kinase from the intracellular space into the bloodstream. The answer to the question asked in the title must therefore be: definitely--yes.