Photodamage: cause, clinical manifestations, and prevention

It is now recognized that intrinsic aging changes are distinct from those caused by habitual exposure to the sun (photoaging). Not only are these sun-induced alterations unsightly, but they also serve as a marker for patients at risk for developing skin cancer. Because of increased leisure time and affluence in our society, and an emphasis on sunbathing and other outdoor recreational activities during the last few decades, photoaging and skin cancer are becoming an ever-increasing problem and source of concern for health care professionals. The purpose of this article is to review the cause, clinical manifestations, and implications of photodamage. Photoprotection and other preventive measures to minimize photoaging and the risk of skin cancer will be discussed.