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Vaccines to prevent enteric infections

M M Levine¹, F Noriega

¹Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.

Bailliere'S Clinical Gastroenterology

|June 1, 1993

Summary

Significant advancements in vaccine development target major enteric infections like rotavirus, typhoid, and cholera. New oral and parenteral vaccines show promise, with ongoing trials for Shigella and E. coli, improving global public health.

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Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Enteric infections pose a significant global health burden.
Vaccine development for these diseases has seen substantial progress over the past decade.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status and progress of vaccine development against major enteric pathogens.
To highlight key vaccine candidates and their trial outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical trials and field studies for rotavirus, typhoid, cholera, Shigella, and enterotoxigenic E. coli vaccines.
Summarization of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety data.

Main Results:

Quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine in efficacy trials.
Licensed oral Ty21a and parenteral Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccines; newer generations in clinical testing.
Inactivated oral cholera vaccines show 50-53% protection; live oral cholera vaccine (CVD 103-HgR) is well-tolerated and immunogenic.

Conclusions:

Modern biotechnology and immunology have accelerated the development of numerous enteric vaccine candidates.
Future efforts are expected to expand vaccine development to other enteric pathogens.

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