Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Videos

Subcutaneous hormone replacement therapy

V A Tzingounis¹, A G Perdikaris, G Lioutas

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras, Greece.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology

|April 1, 1993

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Assessment of the Robotic Devices for Overground Gait Training in Poststroke Patient: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation·2025

Same author

High intensity, interval exercise improves quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians·2013

Same author

Increased activity of lysosomal enzymes in the peritoneal fluid of patients with gynecologic cancers and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology·2005

Same author

Mutational and polymorphic analysis of the estradiol receptor-alpha gene in men with symptomatic vertebral fractures.

Calcified tissue international·2002

Same author

Clinical experience with Norplant subdermal implant system as long-term contraception during adolescence.

The European journal of contraception & reproductive health care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception·2002

Same author

Ovulation induction with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or gonadotropins in a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea and diabetes insipidus.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·2002

Menopause leads to estrogen deficiency in most women. Hormone replacement therapy, particularly 17 beta-estradiol pellets, is recommended for symptom relief and osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Geriatric Medicine

Background:

Menopause is characterized by a significant decline in estrogen levels, affecting approximately 75% of women.
Estrogen deficiency can manifest with various symptoms and increase the risk of osteoporosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women.
To highlight the benefits of 17 beta-estradiol pellets as a convenient and effective HRT option.

Main Methods:

Vaginal cytology to assess estrogen deficit.
Initiation of low-dose estrogens with calcium, protein, and exercise for osteoporosis.
Administration of crystalline 17 beta-estradiol pellets.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

17 beta-estradiol pellets provide excellent symptom relief for postmenopausal women.

Pellet therapy is convenient, highly effective, and associated with minimal side effects.

Estrogen therapy is beneficial even in asymptomatic women with osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

Hormone replacement therapy should be considered for all women experiencing menopause, especially those with estrogen deficits or osteoporosis.
Crystalline 17 beta-estradiol pellets offer a superior alternative for patients unresponsive to oral or injectable estrogens.