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Related Experiment Videos

Aging, inhibition, and verbosity

T Y Arbuckle1, D P Gold

  • 1Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec.

Journal of Gerontology
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Older adults may experience off-target verbosity due to declining inhibition of irrelevant thoughts. This age-related cognitive decline impacts speech coherence, suggesting potential frontal lobe involvement.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Off-target verbosity, characterized by unfocused and incoherent speech, is a common observation in aging.
  • The underlying cognitive mechanisms, particularly the role of inhibitory control, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that age-related decline in inhibiting task-irrelevant thoughts mediates off-target verbosity.
  • To explore the relationship between inhibitory control, age, and speech characteristics in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 205 community-dwelling older adults (aged 61-90) participated.
  • Performance on tasks measuring the suppression of irrelevant information in working memory was assessed.
  • Cognitive measures and psychosocial factors were evaluated in relation to verbosity scores.

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Main Results:

  • Reduced ability to inhibit task-irrelevant thoughts significantly predicted verbosity.
  • This inhibitory ability, rather than other cognitive measures, accounted for variance in speech coherence.
  • Age-related declines in inhibition were linked to increased verbosity, independent of psychosocial factors.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related deficits in inhibiting irrelevant thoughts may explain increased verbosity in older adults.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for frontal lobe functions in regulating speech coherence.
  • Inhibitory control emerges as a key cognitive factor in age-related changes in verbal output.